Class functional groupname suffix examples formula. This increase in size causes the vanderwaals forces to grow, thus bonding the molecules to each other more strongly. A functional group is an atom of a group of atoms which determines the characteristic properties of a particular compound. Describe the concept of homologous series as a family of. Mar 16, 2009 homologous series this are groups of organic compounds with same general formula and same function group with similar chemical properties. Functional groups and homologous series question 1. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with. Qualitative organic functional group tests in various homologous series. A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a structure such as oh, cooh, nh2, co, hco, cn, these functional groups give rise to different properties within the molecule. The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are examples of homologous series. Homologous seriesfunctional groups and isomerism, chemistry tutorial. The individual members of a homologous series are known as homologous and the process is known as homology.
This means that the compounds are identical with the exception of the number of ch2 units in the compound. They tend to all act the same in a chemical reaction. Sep 12, 2015 ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of organic molecules slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Functional groups and homologous series question 2. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. As nouns the difference between ketone and benzophenone is that ketone is organic chemistry a homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atomby a double bondin a carbonhydrogen based molecule while benzophenone is. When organic compounds containing same functional group are arranged in series on the basis of their increasing molecular weight, having the difference of ch2. Priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature.
Organic functional groups and homologous series flashcards. If the functional group is changed, isomerism also changes. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch 2 units in the main carbon chain. Functional groups and homologous series question 3. However, the functional group finds out the properties of a homologous series.
The defining characteristic of a homologous series is a repeating unit. Match the functional group to the homologous series or compound class learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Natures chemistry homologous series national 5 chemistry. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds which belong to the same family i.
Jun 22, 2018 mathematical tables are super interesting. Homologous seriesfunctional groups and isomerism, chemistry. Difference between position isomerism and metamerism. Members of the same homologous series have the same chemical properties because of the presence of a common functional group in all the molecules of the series. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched this can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the straightchained alkanes paraffins, or it could be the number of monomers in a. Homologous series meaning in the cambridge english. A homologous series is a series of organic compounds which belong to the same family i. Organic compounds also have functional groups, which define the basic properties of the compound. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples. Functional groups and homologous series sneak peek on. But if the first definition is to be considered then how can alkanes, alkenes or alkynes be considered homologous series since there is no functional group attached to any of these, as opposed to, e. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch2 units in the main carbon chain. A homologous series is defined as a series of organic compounds having similar functional group and similar properties, in which the successive members or compounds differ by ch2.
The functional group present in the following molecules are encircled. Functional groups and homologous series earj ib chemistry. Reflect on previous knowledge of organic chemistry understand the term homologous series conduct the fractional distillation of crude oil understand and use the variety of different types of formula used in organic chemistry. What is the difference between functional group and. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and. Jan 30, 2018 in organic chemistry, a functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms that confers specific chemical properties to the rest of the molecule. It covers structural and geometrical cistrans isomerism, but is does not cover optical isomerism. Some examples of functional groups in homologous series are alcohols oh, carboxylic acids cooh, aldehydes coh, ketones co, and amines n. Nov 16, 2017 there are some other conditions as well. Structurallysimilar molecules within a series with the same functional group but different numbers of some repeated groups such as ch 2. Introduction the word homologous series and functional groups describe a few of the umbrella principles that assist in the understanding of organic compounds in spite of their large number. Feb 06, 2019 each functional group has its own distinctive properties c c h h h h h o h c c h h h h h c o h h c h h h o h these molecules have similar properties due to the presence of the oh group of atoms.
The nature of the functional groups should not be changed. A functional group is a class of organic compounds that have a function in common. Homologous series are referenced frequently in organic chemistry, where compounds can differ by the length of their carbon chain. Common functional groups and their families of compound. Homologous series in organic chemistry are groups of molecules that have the same basic structure, including the same functional group. When an atom or group of atoms bonded to a carbon atom in the chain or ring of an organic. Organic functional groups homologous series explained why. Homologous series, any of numerous groups of chemical compounds in each of which the difference between successive members is a simple structural unit. Functional groups definition a functional group or moiety is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule. Classification,homologous series and functional group. When organic compounds containing same functional group are arranged in series on the basis of their increasing molecular weight, having the difference of ch 2 methylene group in between two consecutive compounds, such series is called homologous series. Thus, a functional group is an atom or group of atoms which determine the chemical behavior of an organic compound. Whats the difference between functional group and homologous.
Consider structures of first five members of the series. This topic covers the simple types of isomerism encountered during most as level courses. How are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes homologous series since. Functional group this is an carbon atom or group of carbon atoms attached to an organic compund which determines the chemical properties. Drawing organic molecules, homologous series and isomers. Qualitative analysis tests for identifying organic functional. A homologous series is a family of compounds which have a general formula and have similar physical and chemical properties because they have the same. A homologous series is a family of compounds which have a general formula and have similar physical and chemical properties because they have the same functional group of atoms i. Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of organic molecules. No matter what size a molecule is, a functional group participates in chemical reactions in a predictable manner.
The members of a homologous series have similar chemical properties. Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member by ch 2. A homologous series is a family of organic compounds containing a particular characteristic group and exhibiting similar properties. They only differ in the number of methylene ch 2 groups. Homologous series and functional groups ck12 foundation. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern. One of the features of a homologous series is that each and every member of a series includes at least one functional group. When a group is considered as principle functional group, it is indicated by suffix and when it acts as side chain, it is indicated by prefix. For example, the compounds given below belong to the alcohol. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the. The priority order of functional groups in iupac nomenclature is based on a relative scale where all functional groups are arranged in the decreasing order of preference.
A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be represented by a general formula. Organic functional groups and homologous series youtube. What is a homologous series write the formula of functional. Following are the characteristics of a homologous series. Describe the concept of homologous series as a family of similar compounds with similar properties due to the presence of the same functional group. Moving down a homologous series, the sizes of the compounds grow larger and larger. General formula, functional group and properties of alkanes. For example, the alkane group contains the ch2 repeating unit. Difference between position isomerism and metamerism definition. A summary of homologous series, functional group names and. Structurallysimilar molecules within a series with the same functional group but different numbers of some repeated groups such as ch2. Chapterwise dvds available for 11th and 12th chemistry with ncert book solutions.
A homologous series is a series of organic compounds that differ by a ch2 group within a functional group. In chemistry, a homologous series is a group of compounds that share the same basic chemical makeup, but differ in the number of iterations of a certain aspect of their structure. Feb 24, 2014 functional group functional group is a group of atoms tied together which will take part in a chemical reaction therefore determine the chemical properties of the series. This series of molecules is called homologous series. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. For example, the oh group, when attached to a saturated carbon, makes the parent molecule an alcoho. This thus strengthens the attraction between the molecules and causes the boiling points to become higher. We call this functional group a alcohol we can use the term homologous series to describe families of organic compounds with the same functional. Physical properties change in a homologous series but chemical properties remain almost the same because the functional group does not change. Ib chemistry on homologous series and functional groups of.
1149 741 616 202 740 513 1215 282 525 394 1373 390 145 585 151 1133 255 952 1581 1148 1580 988 638 1360 1454 175 1380 1290 1269 490 226 672 308 720 1392 1038